Mikhail Gorbachev opened up the Soviet Union by adding more churches, he wanted more people to start talking about their society. Things started to become better, one of his ideas was called glasnost. Glasnost was established in 1985, it was when the people talked about Soviet Union's issues, such as economy and political problems. Gorbachev wanted his people to come together and be open about their society, he wanted to hear their opinions too. Another one of Mikhail Gorbachev's ideas which was created was called peristrokia. Peristrokia was an idea to reform the economic system, and also the political system. 

The Collapse of Communism

-
-Communism failed in Eastern Europe and in the U.S.S.R because nobody believeed in it anymore after Stalin. Another reason is that not many people were living good and they were struggling to survive. First they tried to knock over the Berlin Wall to make a private road for people that want to go on the other side of the wall. The next thiung they did was thaqt they decided to make a few borders crossing so that more people could travel across, soon after that hundreds of people broke the wall down



.

Nelson Mandela and Apartheid

Apartheid
- Is a racial government system that put the black people in a different class level. They called the blck people "Bantu", black people were not able to vote, until 1990 which is when many public facilities were forced to use only one race. Another principal included the prohibition of mixed marriages and sexual relations between individuals of different race. The "Pass Laws" was created in 1950, which required all black people over the age of 16 to carry identity papers with them.

-Nelson Mandela was such a hero because he fought against racism, he wouldnt respect what the goverment instructed him and told him, his goal was to free South Africa. Mandela played a part in many dramatic demonstrations against the white ruled government. His career was cut in 1964 because he was sent to life in prison, after 27 years in prison he was released and his releasement stated the end of Apartheid. In less than 5 years after his release he was rewarded with the Noble Piece Prize and was elected president.



Mandela played a part in many dramatic demonstrations against the white-ruled government.

African Independence

African Independance
- Africa had a major change from 1955 to 1975. The reason for this is because in 1955 Africa was moslty full of colinies by 1975 the whole Africa was all independence countries. The only colonies were the South West Africa and Spanish Sahara.
Some leaders of certain nation were Nkrhuma which became the first prime minister of "Ghana"
Another leader was Jomo Kenyyata of Kenya.

Cuban Missle Crisis

-The Cuban Missile crisis was when the world was very close to having a nuclear was. At this time the united states alert level was the highest of all time, and Cuba was also ready to use battlefield nuclear weapons in case it got invaded. There were two men who saved this war (canceled it), these two men are John F. Kennedy and Nikita Khrushchev.

John F. Kennedy organized the Ex-comm group which was a group of his twelve most important advisor's which handled the crisis. After seven days of guarded and intense debate within the upper echelons of government, Kennedy concluded to impose a naval quarantine around Cuba. He wanted to prevent the arrival of more Soviet offensive weapons on the island.

NATO and Warsaw pact

NATO-Warsaw pact
- The NATO pact also stood for North Atlantic Treaty Organization. Its a military alliance established by the signing of the North Atlantic Treaty on April 4, 1949. The NATO headquarters are in Brusells, Belgium and the organization constitutes a system of colective defense where its member states agree to mutual defense in response to an attack by any external party.

Warsaw Pact
- The Warsaw Pact was an organization of Communist states in Central and Eastern Europe. The treaty was signed in Warsaw, Poland on May 14, 1955. The treaty was an initiative of the Soviet Union and was in direct response to west Germany joining the NATO in 1955.

Schindlers List

- Schindlers list
The hollywood film Schindlers list had extreme detail about what the jewish people were going through at the time of the holocaust. Some of the scenes witch i found very disturbing and that i will never forget is when the lady came to the nazi soldiers/guards and gave them aan idea about the thing they were building. She told them that she was an engineer, when they saw she was trying to act like a smart person they shot her in the back.

Another scene that i will never forget is when the nazis came into the mini hospital where they were keeping jewish sick people and the nazs shot them several bullets in each like they were shooting plastic targets.