The Opium Wars

Opium War
- During the Opium War, what happend was that the British and the Chinese would trade alot. The British wanted the tea from the Chinese, and the Chinese wanted Opium from the British. Soon enough the Chinese people started becoming very ill from the Opium, and the Chinese government didnt like that. So the government requested Britain to stop giving the Chinese Opium, But the British refused because they wanted their tea and money. Thats when they declared war.
The reason why its called the Opium war is because the chinese were trying to get Opium out of their country, but the British kept bringing it in. As a result the British easily won the Chinese because the British had way more modern technology than the Chinese did. This is one of Chinese's most humiliating loss in history.

Mountains of the moon

Mountains of the moon
-In the film "mountains of the moon" Europeans go to Africa to look for a source river to find gold. It wasnt so easy because they were on foot traveling for 6 months or more and also had a lack supply of food. Another hardship is that people died on the way from malaria, but later on they found a cure for malaria. The travelers got stopped by other Africans that never saw white peopple before, but eventually showed them that they meen no harm. Another hardship they faced was mosquitos at night and also getting their valuble belongings stolen.

It is very unusual that the third largest lake in the world was named after a British queen. The reason for this is because when the Europeans explored, they named certain places even thought it wasnt their country or their land.

The Europeans had a huge advantage over the Africans. The europeans barely had any type of weapon except the spear. Much better than the Africans, the Europeans had machine guns & pistols which is what led to the Europeans to be able to conquer Africa.

The Meiji Restoration of Japan

Meiji Restoration
- The Meiji Restoration was a chain that led to major effects in Japans Social structure. Matthew Perry was an American and a commodore who traveled ion many ships. He came to tokyo bay threatning to Destroy Japan. Matthew forced or "bullied" Japan to sign a treat by impressing them with new technologies that America had. They sent alot of ships in order for Japan to stop being independent and to start trading. At the time Americas technologies were more advanced than the Japanese.

The Meiji Era had a great effect on the Japanese economy. A new emperor was elected called Meiji. His plan was to reclaim his divine right to rule and restructure Japan. The Meiji Restoration was to turn Japan into a modern country. Japan had been independent (isolated) for so many years that their army and technology were very weak. Matthew Perry dropped 26 miles off the coast of Tokyo, to impress the Japanese.

After a while Japanese became better with trading because of the United States. They stopped being isolated and traded with other countries all over the world. The way they modernized was by establishing a parliament and made a system of transportation and communication.

Karl Marx and Communisim

Karl Marx and communism
- Karl Marx's purpose and idea of communism was that the government would own all property, houses, and factories. The good result from this would be that everyone would be the same and nobody would have a competition to go to elevate to a higher class because they were all on the same level.
Marx ideas state that the workers are much more than the owners and landlords. Which gives them a big advantage, Marx adviced workers that they should overtake the owners and they sould rule because they are more. That is how Karl Marx wanted communism to take over. Karl Marx believed that the workers were the good guys and the owners and the government were the bad guys.

Karl Marx

Karl Marx
- Karl Marx was a German whos ideas made a change in history. Karl Marx didnt like what he was seeing at the industrial revolution. The system of it and especially child labor, he says that they were all controled by religion. He brainstormed all of his ideas together and came to a conclusion that there are more workers than lanlords and bosses. This means that since there are more workers than owners then the workers are the ones who should control everything.

Thats when Karl brought communism. Communism is when the state is as one and everybody shares there wealth and social high classes. People started printing out these ideas and started handing it out on the street. People liked it and started getting interested. Today there are some communist places like cuba and north korea, (Russia used to be).

Nationalism and the Creation of Italy

Nationalism
- Nationalism is a way a person represents his country, or what beliefs he has that represents his/her country. The way I am a nationalist or the way I represent my country is by the language I speak, and the synagogue services that I attend. The country I represent is Israel (Judaism). We too have a political system there with tax payments and we have a national flag and all speak the same language (Hebrew).

Nationalism was also used to create the nation of Italy. Italy, used to be part of the Austria Hungary Empire. After several riots, Italy slowly started to be apart from the Austria Hungary Empire. Italy's nationalism was formed by uniting smaller states with a common national identity.

Before Italy Actually Became Italy it was ruled by the Austria. It was very hard for the people being ruled over by a foreign ruler. In 1832 a 26 year old Italian ruler called Giuseppe Mazzini organized a group of nationalists that was named young Italy. If you were older then 40 years old you were not allowed to join that group. But his plans did not work out, and they were sent to exile. Because of certain nationalists Italy was able to be together because of its pride and thats when it became a country.

Simon Bolivar and Latin American Revolutions

Simon Bolivar went to Cartagena and joined forces with the colombian patriot, "Atonio Narino". When he returned he had alot of victories against the spanish. In August, 1813, he entered Caracas and was given the title of the liberator! In 1814 the Spanish recaptured Caracas and Simon escaped to Jamaica, when was over there he created a book called La Carta de Jamaica, which means "The Letter from Jamaica." Simon Bolivar led military forces and he never had more than a thousand men. The reason for this is to free the north part of south america from the spanish rule. This resulted in freedom for colombia, venezuela, peru, and ecuador.

The reason why Simon Bolivar was so famous and even had a country named after him, was because he had many victories and freed many countries and states from foreighn rule. Simon Bolivar helped South America fight the Spanish because they were making bad rules for them.

The French Revolution

1. a) The Nobility- Nobles had almost complete authority over peasants, and nobles did not have to do military service. b) The Kings- Had complete authority over France. c) Clergy- Many nobles and clergy lived in great luxury in chateaux and palaces.
2) Having to pay very heavy taxes.
3) the point that the cartoonist were making was that the peasents were more like slaves to the rich and famous.
4) Very poor and cruel. "Iwas joined by a poor woman"
5) Yes it does, because it shows how slave like they were to the rich.
6) Peasents because it talks about freedom
7) It was banned because it would probably prove people wrong about how they were treating the poor. I think rich people would have this banned.

Robespierre & The Reign Of Terror

-The "Reign Of Terror" was a time of violnce that occured 15 months after the onset of the French Revolution. Numbers chaqnge between how many people have been killed, with numbers ranging from 16,000 to 40,000 people. The Guillotine became the symbol of a string of executions. During the summer of 1794 the revolutionary government of France got threatened by internal enemies, conspirators and foreign monarchies.

- Maximilien Robespierre dominated the "Committee Of Public Saftey" in order to put an end to internal counter revolutionary activities and raise additional French military forces. The reign of terror achieved nothing and the hatred of Robespierre`s attempts to sanctify the revolution with blood and inspire his supporters the common people started to turn on him as the mortuaries were growing ever more full and Robespierre had his allies executed.

After the French Revolution, Maximiellin Robespierre took control, and he started killing millions of people who were thought to be unloyal to Republic. Eventually France turned on him, and he tried to commit suicide, but he only shot himself in the jaw.

John Locke

John Locke [29 August 1632 – 28 October 1704] was an english philosepher. John Locke

was concidered to be the first of the british empirisist. His ideas had an enourmous influence on epistemology, and political philosophy. He is also widely regarded as one of the most influential enlightment thinkers, classical thinkers and contributiond to liberal theory.

According to Thomas Jefferson the rights that he is talking about is referred to life, liberty, and pursuit of happiness. The power of the government comes from the consent of a government

His ideas had enormous influence on the development of epistemology a

Solar System

Geocentric Theory:
- The Geocentric Theory states that the earth is the center of the universe. Astronomers found evidence that the rest of the universe moved about a stable. The Astronauts saw the planets, moon, sun, and stars move around earth on certain paths every day (This includes Mercury, Venus, Mars, & Jupiter which was only known at the time). So the astronomers concluded that the earth did not move (stationary). This all took place from the Greeks until the 1500's.

-Heliocentric
Heliocentrism is the theory that the sun is at the center of the solar system. It looks obvious to people the the earth stays in one place and the sun and moon just rise and set and goes around. scientists that studied science for a long time discovered other movements. According to the Heliocentric theory the sun makes a slower circle over the course of a year. The planets also, as well, have similar motions, but they sometimes turn around and move in reverse direction for some time.

-Galileo
- Galileo was sent to court going against his book which was released in 1609 Which stated that the earth revolves around the sun. His book stated something totally opposite from the bible, or at least what the pope believed. Which is that the sun revolves around the earth. Galileo was arrested, tried, & convicted for the crime of disobeying the church & using science instead of religion to explain the universe. The reason Galileo was arrested was because the pope was fearful that people would start to challenge other church teachings. The pope also banned all catholics from reading his book. In 1991 the church admitted that it had been a mistake jailing Galileo.

Scientific Revolution

Scientific method
- The scientific method is a way of proving theories right or wrong. For example Aristotle had a theory that the heavier an object is the faster it will fall. People believed him for 1,500 years. Then came a young Italian man in the 1500's named Galileo. Galileo wanted to test out Aristotle's theory for himself. So he decided to use the scientific method.

-The Scientific method consists of a couple of procedures. First you need to make an observation which means gather all the information you know about the experiment. second you make a educated guess on what you will think will happen, which is also called a hypothesis. Then comes the real deal, now you may do the experiment and test it out. Last but not least you may make a conclusion about your results.

Evolution vs. Creation

Evolution
-According to Darwin's Theory of Evolution the human has been created over time by complicated creatures that evolve from simplistic ancestors. Thier random mutations are passed on to the next generation and over time it becomes into a completely different creature (The Human). These random mutations are called "Natural Selection". Natural selection prevents a functional advantage that enables a creature to be better in the wild. For Example: if a creature had a random mutation, grew wings and was able to fly unlike the rest of the generation.

Creation:
-The Word "Creation" is more of a religious word then scientific. It means that a G-D has created you and everything around you. For Example: the Earth, Universe, sky and land. and that you werent just born. In most cases this consists of [Abrahamic G-D For judaism, Jesus for christian, and allah for muslim] The jewish Theory States that G-D created man from dust. As it is stated in the jewish bible "From dust you came and you will go back to dust"

My Belief:

- I believe in creation because it sounds more reasonable. evolution sounds very silly and imaginitive. One of the major reasons I believe in creation is because thats what my religioun states. I think that even the big scientists that believe in the "big bang theory" or Darwins theory believe that there is a G-d. If a scientist looks at something outragous or extrodenary he will say "o my god" like most of us say. So if you believe that there is no G-d so why are you saying" O my god" or "O my lord"?

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